Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) andinflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBD-U)-are chronic inflammatory conditions thatmainly affect the gastrointestinal tract but might also involve other organs, so they areconsidered systemic diseases. IBD is mainly diagnosed in young people, and is associatedwith significant morbidity and disability (Kaplan, 2015). Ulcerative colitis (UC) is anidiopathic, chronic inflammatory illness of the colon that is characterized by continous,diffuse mucosal inflammation (Ordás et al., 2012).
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD)-Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and
inflammatory bowel disease unclassified (IBD-U)-are chronic inflammatory conditions that
mainly affect the gastrointestinal tract but might also involve other organs, so they are
considered systemic diseases. IBD is mainly diagnosed in young people, and is associated
with significant morbidity and disability (Kaplan, 2015). Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an
idiopathic, chronic inflammatory illness of the colon that is characterized by continous,
diffuse mucosal inflammation (Ordás et al., 2012).
With 505 new cases per 100,000 people, Europe now has the highest prevalence of UC,
followed by North America with 249 new cases per 100,000 people (Al-Fawzan et al., 2023),
With an annual percentage rise of 4.3% (Kucharzik et al., 2020), it is becoming
increasingly commonplace worldwide as more nations adopt Westernized lifestyles, leading
to fast increases in incidence rates.
The aetiology involves interactions between the environment, immune system, gut
microbiome and a genetic predisposition to disease (Kobayashi et al., 2020).
Ulcerative colitis presents with bloody diarrhea, frequency, abdominal pain, fatigue and
faecal incontinence.
The pathogenesis of UC has not been elucidated yet, but it is supposed to be a
consequence of unbalanced expression of molecules that have both anti- and
pro-inflammatory properties (Ogino et al., 2021).
The inflammatory markers erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP),
and fecal calprotectin (FC) have been studied to determine the type of ulcerative colitis
(UC), its severity, prognosis, and responsiveness to treatment (Yuan et al., 2023).
Oncostatin M (OSM) is a proinflammatory cytokine belonging to the interleukin-6 family.
OSM is produced mostly in hematopoietic tissues including T-lymphocytes, monocytes,
macrophages, dendritic cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and mast cells(West et al.,
2018).
On the other hand, several pathological processes including arthritis, ossification,
dermatitis, fibrosis, gingivitis, and carcinogenesis are found to have OSM mediation(
Wolf et al., 2023).
One of the major pathological processes in which the involvement of OSM has been found
critical is the inflammation of various parts including the joints, skin, lungs, and
intestine(West et al., 2018).
The role of OSM in the pathogenesis of IBD was first described in a discovery of single
nucleotide polymorphism in OSM receptors, OSM mediates its effects by binding to a
glycoprotein called gp130 and this complex then activates the OSM receptor for
signaling(Adrian-Segarra et al., 2018).
OSM is highly expressed in inflamed mucosa of IBD patients in comparison with normal
individuals. Elevated OSM levels are also found in serum of IBD patients. Moreover,
higher OSM levels are observed in first-degree relatives of multiple-affected families in
comparison with normal families(Verstockt et al., 2019).
Galectins are a family of 15 (so far) mammalian galactoside-binding proteins that share a
consensus amino acid sequence in their carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs).
Based on their structural differences, galectin family members are classified into three
subgroups of proto-, chimeric- and tandem-repeat-types. The prototype galectins include
galectins-1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 15, each containing a single CRD in the
polypeptide sequences and often identified as non-covalently linked homodimer.
The chimera-type galectin, which has only one member galectin-3, is composed of an
unstructured non-lectin domain linked to a CRD and can form as multiple homotypic forms
such as a pentamer. The tandem-repeat-type galectins include galectin-4, 6, 8, 9 and 12,
each containing two different CRDs close to each end of the single polypeptide chain(Fred
Brewer et al., 2002).
Interactions of galectins with galactose-terminated glycans on cell surface have also
been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD by induction of T cell apoptosis and NFkappa B
signaling ( Paclik et al., 2008).
Level of serum galectin-3 was reported to be higher in IBD patients compared to healthy
controls(Frol'ova et al., 2009). However, it is not known whether levels of any other
galectin members are also altered in the circulation of IBD patients and whether serum
galectins could be used as potential biomarkers for determining IBD and disease activity.
Rationale Endoscopic assessment is considered the gold standard for assessment of disease
activity but repeated endoscopy is impractical, expensive and associated with poor
patient acceptance and a potential for complications.
CRP is currently the most used non-invasive serum IBD biomarker in clinic. However, CRP
determination limited by poor specificity and sensitivity as (i) CRP level isaltered in
other acute inflammatory conditions in addition to CD and UC and (ii) up to 25% of
patients, who have demonstrable disease activity determined by endoscopy have normal CRP
values(Vermeire et al., 2004).
Fecal Calprotectin determination has far greater accuracy for detecting intestinal
inflammation than CRP, but it requires collection of faecal sample which is cumbersome
and has poor patient acceptability ( Marechal et al., 2017). Thus, there is a need for
more accurate and non-invasive biomarkers for establishing disease activity in ulcerative
colitis.
Diagnostic Test: ELISA test
ELISA test to evaulate serum oncostatin M and galactin 3 in two group of patientsL
Inclusion Criteria:
- Patients, both male and female, who are over the age of 18 and were identified as
having ulcerative colitis based on histological, clinical, and endoscopic criteria.
Group I The study group will include 40 normal healthy subject. Group II The study group
will include 50 patients newly diagnosed with confirmed ulcerative colitis who divided
into active and non active.
Ulcerative colitis activity diagnosed by Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI)
is a diagnostic tool and questionnaire used to assess the severity of symptoms in people
who suffer from ulcerative colitis(Walmsley et al.,1998). The calculated score ranges
from 0 to20, where active disease is a score of 5 or higher. The score is determined by
asking the person with colitis questions regarding:
Bowel frequency at day/night Urgency of defecation Blood in stool General health
Extracolonic manifestations
Exclusion Criteria:
- Those with concomitant systemic inflammation as Rheumatoid arthritis(RA) and
Bronchial asthma (BA), those with a history of malignancy, Also, patients who were
discovered to have autoimmune disease or microscopic colitis and Crohn's disease,
ulcerative colitis patients who are on treatment.
Not Provided
Manal M kamel, Assistant lecture
01110071828 - +20
mkamal21967823@gmail.com
Khairy H Morsy, Professor
Not Provided