Mental health disorders are common during pregnancy and the postnatal period, and canhave serious adverse effects on the well-being of woman and child. Every tenth woman hasdepressive symptoms and 5% suffer major depression during pregnancy. The consequences forglobal mental health due to the novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, are likely to besignificant and may have long-term impact on the global burden of disease. Pregnant womenmay be particularly vulnerable due to partial immune suppression. Besides physicalvulnerability, the women could be at increased risk of mental health problems, such asanxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), due to social distancingleading to less support from the family and friends, and in some cases, partners notbeing allowed to be present during prenatal visits, labor and delivery. Furthermore, manypregnant women may feel insecure and worried about the effect of COVID-19 on their unbornchild, if the women get infected during pregnancy. Today, young urban women are used toutilizing internet services frequently and efficiently. Therefore, providing mentalhealth support to pregnant women via web-based support may be effective in amelioratingtheir anxiety/depression and reduce the risk of serious mental health disorders leadingto improved maternal and perinatal outcomes.

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has spread all around the world and testing has poseda challenge globally. Health care providers are highly exposed and are an important groupto test. On top of these concerns, health care workers are also stressed by the needs onresponders in the COVID-19 crisis. The investigators will look at different ways tomeasure how common COVID-19 is among health care workers, how common is the presence ofantibodies by serological tests (also known as serostatus). The investigators willdescribe health worker mental and emotional well-being and their coping strategies intheir institutional settings. Lastly, the investigators will describe how knowingserostatus can affect individuals' mental and emotional well-being and how to cope in themidst of the COVID-19 response. This will help to how to better test and help healthcareworkers in the COVID-19 pandemic and prepare for possible future outbreaks.

Experience from the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak taught thathealthcare workers (HCWs) often experience chronic stress effects for months or yearsafter such an event, and that supporting HCWs requires attention to the marathon ofoccupational stress, not just the sprint of dramatic stressors that occur whileinfections are dominating the news. This study will test if the well-being of hospitalworkers facing a novel coronavirus outbreak is improved by adding either of twointerventions: (1) Peer Resilience Champions (PRC): an interdisciplinary team ofprofessionals who actively monitor for early signs of heightened stress within clinicalteams, liaise between staff and senior management to improve organizationalresponsiveness, and provide direct support and teaching (under the supervision of expertsin resilience, infection control, and professional education). Investigators will testthe effectiveness of this PRC Intervention by rolling it out to different parts of thehospital in stages and comparing levels of burnout before and after the interventionreaches particular teams and units (a stepped wedge design). By the end of the study, PRCSupport will have been provided to all clinical and research staff and many learners (>6,000 people). Note that the provision of PRC support will be directed to the entireorganization. The research portion of the study is the evaluation of PRC support througha repeated survey completed by consenting staff. Investigators will test theeffectiveness of the PRC by measuring trends in burnout and other effects of stress overthe course of the study in a subgroup of hospital workers (as many as consent, target~1000 people) through an online questionnaire (called "How Are You?"). (2) The secondintervention is an enriched version of the "How Are You?" Survey, which providespersonalized feedback about coping, interpersonal interactions and moral distress.Participants will be randomized (1:1) to receive the shorter Express Survey (identifyingdata and outcome measures only), or the Enriched survey (all of the Express measures plusadditional measures with feedback based on responses). It is hypothesized that both thePRC intervention and the Enriched Survey intervention will help prevent or reduceinstances of burnout in HCWs.

The Harnessing Online Peer Education COVID-19 (HOPE COVID-19) intervention will assesswhether a peer-led online support community can improve behavioral health outcomesrelated to COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated emergency measures (EM) havedramatically impacted the lives of children/adolescents (children) and families. Theclosure of schools, social and recreational activities, and modifications to workenvironments has led to significant changes in the way children and families are working,living and socializing. Although the impact on the mental health of children and familieshas not been well researched, it is anticipated that already stressed children andfamilies with pre-COVID-19 mental health challenges are at significant risk fordeterioration in their mental health. As such, the implementation, and evaluation(specifically: feasibility, acceptability and barriers) of virtual-care interventions toalleviate child and family anxiety and enhance family functioning are critical.Virtual-care also optimizes health equity initiatives in reducing social, economic andenvironmental barriers to services that can improve or maintain mental health (WHO, 2017;MOHLTC, 2018).The current study will evaluate an adapted virtual-care cognitive behavioural therapy(CBT) program for children with anxiety (VC-CBT). CBT has a strong evidence-base intreating children with anxiety disorders (Higa-McMillan, Francis, Rith-Najarian, andChorpita, 2016; Seligman and Ollendick, 2011), with increasing evidence supporting theefficacy of virtual-care CBT for childhood anxiety disorders (Carpenter, Pincus, Furr,and Comer, 2018; Slone, Reese, and McClellan, 2012). This study aims to evaluate thefeasibility, participation barriers related to social determinants of health (SDH) andacceptability of this virtual-care intervention in addressing mental health challengesassociated with the COVID-19 pandemic and ensuing EM in the immediate time-period. Earlyevaluation of this virtual-care intervention will enable future scale-up of thisintervention during the post-pandemic recovery time-period and during subsequent COVID-19waves, if necessary.

The Professional Peer Resilience Initiative (PPRI) study is an observational study aimedat understanding how symptoms of traumatic stress and resilience evolve over time in theUniversity of Minnesota (UMN) healthcare workforce during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) pandemic. The study is being conducted concurrently with a UMN peer supportprogram called the MinnRAP program and will remotely administer quality of life andmental health surveys to healthcare workers before they start the MinnRAP program andthroughout their participation in the program.

Trial Phase: Phase III: Interventional Trial: Virtual clinics to deliver universalinterventions to maintain and improve physical health, nutritional state andpsychological wellbeing in people with cancer who are following social distancingguidance: A COVID-19 targeted trial.Indication: Male or female participants, aged over 18 years old with suspicion orconfirmed diagnosis of cancer (does not require histological confirmation)Objective: To investigate the efficacy of remote multimodal universal interventionsdelivered via virtual clinics to improve physical function as measured by theEORTC-QLQ-C30.Secondary Objective:To investigate the efficacy of remote multimodal universal interventions delivered viavirtual clinics to improve emotional function, quality of life, participant activation(PAM), behaviour change and the effect it has on health economics (EQ-5D-5L).Exploratory Objective:Overall Survival and adherence to the intervention/advice using validated tools ordevelopment of a web-based toolkit.

Since the 1960s, studies have shown that oral polio vaccine (OPV) may have beneficialnon-specific effects, reducing morbidity and mortality from other infections than polio.Such beneficial non-specific effect have been observed for other live vaccines, includingmeasles, smallpox and BCG vaccine. For BCG, the vaccine for which the mechanism has beenstudied the most, the effects appear to be mediated through the innate immune system. TheCOVID-19 pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has now caused over 7.1million cases and >400,000 deaths worldwide. As everywhere else, it is anticipated thatin Africa the older part of the population will be at risk of severe COVID-19. OPV iswidely used in Africa, but for children. Both polio and coronavirus are positive-strandRNA viruses, therefore it is likely that they may induce and be affected by common innateimmune mechanisms.In a randomised trial at the Bandim Health Project in Guinea-Bissau, the investigatorswill assess the effect of providing OPV vs no vaccine to 3400 persons above 50 years ofage. The trial will have the power to test the hypothesis that OPV reduces the combinedrisk of morbidity admission or death (composite outcome) by at least 28% over thesubsequent 6 months.

It is expected that large numbers of healthcare workers will experience a broad range ofpsychological reactions and symptoms including anxiety, depression, moral distress, andtrauma symptoms that will cause both significant suffering as well as occupational andsocial impairment. The purpose of this study is to find interventions which are helpfulin treating psychological distress in healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients.There are two phases of the study. All participants will take part in Phase I, whichconsists of 4 sessions over a two-week period of either a narrative writing interventionor a medical music intervention. Participants will be randomly assigned to the narrativewriting intervention or medical music intervention.After Phase I, participants will be re-assessed. Healthcare workers who meet criteria forPTSD will be given the option to participate in Phase II of the study, in which they willbe offered a choice between one of two evidence-based treatments for PTSD: InterpersonalTherapy (IPT) or Exposure Therapy (ET). Both treatments are comprised of ten 75-minutesessions scheduled twice weekly. Participants will be allowed to choose a preferredtreatment in Phase II. After Phase II participants will complete a final assessmentconcluding the study. All interventions will be offered using distance technology.

The Coronavirus has caused containment of more than a third of the world's population.Containment can drastically change lifestyle habits, including eating habits such as thenumber of meals, meal times or their composition. However, there is currently no data onthe influence of confinement on eating habits.