Stress is underpinned by a biological reaction of the organism allowing the production ofenergy to respond to a change in the environment (or stressor). Stress reaction isexpressed in behavioural, cognitive, emotional and physiological terms. This biologicalresponse is non-specific because it is the same regardless of the stressor. Its evolutionover time has been conceptualised by Hans Selye (1956) in the General Adaptation Syndrome(GAS) which comprises three successive phases. (i) The first phase, known as the alarmphase, corresponds to the activation of all biological mechanisms according to a trendregulation, allowing a rapid response to the stressor. (ii) The second phase ofresistance which adjusts the stress response to the intensity of the perceived aggressionaccording to a constant regulation. (iii) When the aggression disappears, a recoveryphase dominated by the return of the parasympathetic brake allows a return to homeostasis(eustress).The "primum movens" of all pathologies is therefore the inability of the individual toadapt his stress response in duration and/or intensity to the course of the phases of theGAS (distress). The perception of not being in control of the situation contributes tothe perceived stress and constitutes a well-established risk of distress. It is a riskfactor for the emergence of burnout. It induces a biological cost called allostatic cost.Allostasis is a concept that characterizes the process of restoring homeostasis in thepresence of a physiological challenge. The term "allostasis" means "achieving stabilitythrough change", and refers in part to the process of increasing sympathetic activity andcorticotropic axis to promote adaptation and restore homeostasis. Allostasis works wellwhen allostasis systems are initiated when needed and turned off when they are no longerrequired. Restoring homeostasis involves effective functioning of the parasympatheticsystem. However, when the allostasis systems remain active, such as during chronicstress, they can cause tissue burnout and accelerate pathophysiological processes.The perception of uncontrollability depends on the stress situation, the psychologicaland physiological characteristics of the subject and his or her technical skills inresponding to the stressors of the situation. In particular, subjects with a high levelof mindfulness are more accepting of uncontrollability and less likely to activate thestress response.The COVID-19 pandemic situation is a situation characterized by many uncertainties aboutthe individual, family and work environment and the risk of COVID infection. Healthcareworkers, like the military, are high-risk occupations that are particularly exposed tothese uncertainties in the course of their work and continue to work in an uncertainsituation. These professionals are described as a population at risk ofoccupational/operational burnout that the level of burnout operationalises. Thisancillary study in a population of civilian and military non-healthcare workers willcomplement the study conducted among military health care workers. It will make itpossible to isolate the specificity of each profession (civilian or military, healthcarepersonnel or not) with regard to the risk of burnout in the COVID context.The objective of this project is to evaluate the impact of the perception of non-controlin the operational burnout of experts in their field of practice and to study thepsychological and physiological mechanisms mediating the relationship between thesubject's characteristics, perceived non-control and burnout.

Long-term neurocognitive and psychiatric consequences of COVID-19 remain mostly unknownto date. It has been reported that coronaviruses cause direct central nervous systeminfection (Needham et al. 2020). Besides that, new or worsening cognitive impairmentcommonly occurs and persists in survivors of intensive care unit (ICU) stay (Hosey &Needham. 2020). The purpose of our study is to search and describe the cognitive andpsychiatric long-term consequences of COVID-19 on patients who have been discharged fromcritical care units. This is an ambidirectional cohort study, that attempts to followadults discharged from critical Care Units Adults due to COVID-19 up to 12 months afterdischarge, to evaluate the presence of cognitive impairment, linguistic and phonationfunction, depression, fatigue, functional gastroenterological symptoms, anxiety, or posttraumatic disorder, and performance in activities of daily living and physical responseto exercise as well.

Viruses are a major health problem for the general public and at risk populations.Normally, detection of antibody titers is the gold standard for determining theeffectiveness of the immune system following natural or vaccine caused immunization.However, determining the effectiveness of other parts of the immune system are lesscommon due to the difficulties with testing. Furthermore, there is a critical need toaddress other therapies in case vaccination is not successful in immuncompromisedpopulations. Exercise has been shown to increase the strength of the immune systemagainst many types of viruses and therefore could be simple way to improve immunityagainst the COVID-19 virus. The aim of this research is to determine the effects ofexercise on anti-viral immunity against many types of common viruses before and aftervaccination. We hypothesize that exercise will enhance the anti-viral immunity before andafter vaccination.Up to 30 healthy volunteers (age 18-44 years) will be recruited to participate in thisstudy. For completion of Aim 1, three visits are needed totaling around 7 hours of thepatient's time and for Aim 2, three visits are needed totaling around 4.5 hours of thepatient's time. The initial visit will be for pre-screening and if deemed healthy enoughto participate, an exercise test to determine the VO2 max of the participant will beconducted. The following visits will require a trained phlebotomist to insert anin-dwelling catheter and participants will undergo a 20-minute incremental exercisetrial. Approximately 50mL of blood will be collected at four different timepoints: atrest, 60% VO2 max, 80% VO2 max, and 1-hr post-exercise. All four collected blood sampleswill be used to expand viral specific T-cells and compare IFN-γ rele

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused pandemic sinceoutbreak in 2020.Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) are at higher risk ofmortality and morbidity due to COVID-19. Despite there is a large number of clinicaltrials of COVID-19 vaccines, only a few participants with chronic liver diseases wereincluded.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused pandemic sinceoutbreak in 2020. Patients with cancers may be at higher risk than those without cancerfor coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At present, limited data are available on thesafety and immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccination for patients with cancer.

Evaluation of the efficacy of the AstrazenicaCovid 19 vaccine to develop IgG antibody andits level based on th12 weeks program. Also to follow the changes of markers ofcoagulation (D-dimer) after vaccination compared to the basic level. A cardiologyconsultant will follow D-Dimer results to be managed properly if there is a need. As itis expected to receive Sinopharm vaccine there will be comparison between results of thetwo types of vaccine. To our knowledge this will be the first study done on Egyptianpopulation.

This is an interventional new drug clinical trial for a Phase 2 randomized, double-blind,and placebo control study using intravenous injection of allogeneic adipose stem cells(Celltex AdMSCs) for subjects with severe COVID-19.

This is a phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ, single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study,to evaluate the safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of the recombinant COVID-19vaccine (Sf9 cells) in the subjects from healthy aged 6-17 years with immunizationprocedures 0, 21, 42 days and doses (10μg/20μg/40μg).

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of systemic immunosuppression onsustained antibody COVID-19 concentrations in patients with IBD who received a COVID-19vaccine.

The study is designed to assess whether allergic rhinitis and allergen immunotherapyaffect the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in adults. This is a prospectivestudy enrolling a total of approximately 120 subjects, 18-55 years old.