Pakistan is a resource restraint country, it's not possible to carry out coronavirustesting at mass scale. Simple cost effective intervention against the present pandemic ishighly desirable.For patients: Identifying an antiviral gargle that could substantially reduce thecolonies of COVID-19 residing in mouth and oro-naso-pharynx is likely to reduce the viralload. Such reduction in the viral load through surface debridement could aid theeffective immune response in improving the overall symptoms of the patients.For dentists: This study is important because the nature of the dental professioninvolves aerosol production, carrying out dental work on asymptomatic patients carryingcoronavirus puts the entire dental team at a great risk of not only acquiring theinfection but also transmitting it to the others. Antiviral gargles could be used bydentist and their auxiliaries as prophylaxis.For physicians and nurses: The risk of morbidity and mortality is high among physiciansand nurses involved in the screening and management of Covid-19 patients. Globally, over215 physicians and surgeons have died while taking care of Covid-19 patients. The causeof death is attributed to high exposure of viral load. The antiviral gargles and nasallavage can decrease the fatalities among doctors and nurses.Thus, patients, physicians, nurses and dentists, all could be benefited with thisfindings of this study.

A novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19)emerged at December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and soon caused a large global outbreak. Thedelayed treatment for many chronic diseases, due to the concern of SARS-CoV-2 infection,is an increasing serious problem. Here the investigators investigate the safety ofchemotherapy for patients with gynecological malignancy in Wuhan, the center of high-riskregions of COVID-19.

ACEIs as treatment for COVID19

The purpose of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of leronlimab (PRO 140)administered as weekly subcutaneous injection in subjects with severe or criticalCOVID-19 disease.

The infection caused by COVID19 worldwide makes it necessary to monitor drugsadministered for the treatment of patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2. In order to knowmore about the efficacy and safety of the treatments used, researchers from theCantabrian health service have developed an observational study, in the form of anambispective registry, in which clinical data from patients treated with the differentdrugs currently recommended by the Spanish Agency of Medicines and Health Products(SAMHP) and the Ministry of Health, or others that may arise, are collected and analyzed.Although the conduct of clinical trials is a priority at this time, we cannot lose theclinical experience that is currently being generated, which may allow us to improve thetherapeutic strategies for future patients.

In absence of vaccine and medications specifically designed to treat SARS-CoV-2 disease,identifying treatment options is critical at this time to control the disease outbreak.For this, we have designed a phase II trial of efficacy and safety with 3 branches ofdifferent combinations of treatment to identify which is the best early treatment optionfor patients with pneumonia due to SARS-CoV-2 (Covid-19) Identifying treatment options asearly as possible is critical to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak response. Currently, there is noapproved vaccine for the disease and the treatments being used are not specificallydesigned for the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but are different groups of drugs used for otherpathologies with mechanisms of action that justify their use because they inhibit entryof the virus into virus cells or proteases.The study aims to compare Imatinib 400mg, Baricitinib 4mg or supportive treatment,administered for 7 days in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia treatment.Patients who meet inclusion criteria and do not have any exclusion criteria will berandomized to receive open treatment 1:1:1

Efficacy of Ivermectin in larger doses in COVID-19 treatment

The study investigators are interested in learning more about how drugs, that are givento children by their health care provider, act in the bodies of children and young adultsin hopes to find the most safe and effective dose for children. The primary objective ofthis study is to evaluate the PK of understudied drugs currently being administered tochildren per SOC as prescribed by their treating provider.

RACONA is a prospective trial that will test the hypothesis that nafamostat can lowerlung function deterioration and need for intensive care admission in COVID-19 patients.Design: Adult hospitalized COVID-19 patients will be randomized in a prospectivedouble-blind randomized placebo-controlled study to test the clinical efficacy ofnafamostat mesylate (administered intravenously) on top of best standard of care.Primary outcome measures: the time-to-clinical improvement, defined as the time fromrandomization to an improvement of two points (from the status at randomization) on aseven category ordinal scale or live discharge from the hospital, whichever comes first.

Assessment the Activity Value of Isotretinoin (13- Cis-Retinoic Acid ) in the Treatmentof COVID-19Mahmoud ELkazzaz(1),Tamer Haydara(2), Mohamed Abdelaal(3), Abedelaziz Elsayed(4) ,YousryAbo-amer(5), Hesham Attia(6), Quan Liu(7)' Tim Duong(8) and Heba Sahyon(9) 1. Department of chemistry and biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Egypt. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt 3. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt 4. Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Egypt. 5. Hepatology,Gastroenterology and Infectious Diseases Department, Mahala Hepatology Teaching Hospital, Egypt 6. Department of Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt. 7. School of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Disease, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China. 8. Montefiore Health System and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America. 9. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt. - This clinical study is the first clinical study in literature (submitted on 20 April, 2020) which demonstrated that Isotretinoin will provide complete protection against COVID-19AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) has infected over 100 million people causing over 2.4 million deaths overthe world, and it is still expanding. There is an urgent need for targeted and effectiveCOVID-19 treatments which has put great pressure on researchers across the world fordeveloping effective drugs. In this clinical study we attempt to demonstrate Isotretinoincould be an effective and promising treatment for SARS-CoV-2 based on the intracellularmechanism of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and consequences caused. Isotretinoin could stronglyinhibit both inflammation and viral entry in severe acute respiratory syndromecoronavirus 2 infection via decreasing the overproduction of early responseproinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 ) which are over expressed in COVID-19 andcontributed to disease progression, poor outcomes, vascular hyper permeability andmultiorgan failure in patients infected with COVID-19. It could also block the entry ofCOVID-19 by inhibiting androgenic factors that induce serine 2 transmembrane protease(TMPRSS2) expressions.. In addition to inhibiting of Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2(ACE2), Angiotensin T1 protein and Angiotensin II-mediated intracellular calcium releasepathway which is responsible for COVID-19 cell fusion and entry, ACE2-expressing cellsare prone to SARS-CoV-2 infection as ACE2 receptor facilitates cellular viral entry andinvasion. Moreover, isotretinoin is a potential repressor and inhibitor of papain-likeprotease (PLpro), which is a lethal protein expressed by COVID-19 genes and is an enzymeof dubiquitination which facilitates virus replication in patients with COVID-19.Thegenome of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus is recognized by melanomadifferentiation-associated protein-5 (MDA5), retinoic acid inducible gene-1 (RIG-1) andendosomal toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) as pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Thisrecognition resulted in the formation of type-1 interferon (IFN1). As an evasionmechanism, virus synthesize proteins that hinder the production IFN1 in the pathway.13-cis retinoic acid induced significant upregulation of toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3),mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS) and IFN regulatory factor 1 expressionin a time-dependent. Furthermore, 13 cis Retinoic Acid (13 cis RA) could be an effectiveand promising treatment for SARS-CoV-2 owing to its ability to increase CD4 cells andinduce mucosal IgA antibodies that are less prone to Antibody Dependent Enhancementprocess (ADE) and responsible for passive mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract. ADEis a phenomenon in which antiviral antibodies facilitate viral infection of target immunecells and, in some cases, make a second infection worse, such as dengue fever (denguevirus), By inducing IgA antibodies, 13 cis retinoic acid enhances mucosal immunity and isknown to be a potent IgA isotype.13 Cis retinoic acid induced significant upregulation oftoll-like receptor 3 an immune boosting action that may result in an immune response todsRNA intermediate leading to the production of type I IFNs which is important to enhancethe release of antiviral proteins for the protection of uninfected cells. Isotretinointherapy has furthermore proven anti-platelet and fibrinolytic activities which mayprotect patients infected with covid-19 from widespread blood clots. From this point, wesuggest that isotretinon will be the Immunity passport" in the context of COVID-19